My Csp Project

Community Service Project (CSP 1001) University of Technology, Jamaica Name: Shanece Robinson ID#: 1200775 Year: 2012/13 School: University of Technology, School of Pharmacy Semester: Two (2) Name of Agency: University Hospital of the West Indies Lecturer’s name: Miss Stacy-Ann Nelson Tutorial day/time: Friday 9am-10am Reflection #4 The best part of my community service at the University Hospital of The West Indies was the time spent interacting and assisting the needy patients. Each minute spent at community with them gave me a sense of joy.It was really great to know that I used my interpersonal skills to make these persons feel hopeful in their dull moments. Another best part of my service was organizing the documents, I felt quite active and vibrant about doing it. The worst part however, was being there and hearing the cries of pain of the patients. It was very heart aching to hear the patients moaning the pain they were undergoing, it felt even worst to know that I could n’t help stop the pain they were feeling. Another devastating experience was the amount of hours that some of the nurses had to work, most of them started work from like 8. am and wasn’t off until like 8. m in the night or even later. I achieved my objectives to a moderate extent; I gained a sense of self growth, I assisted the nurses in whatever ways I could thus alleviating their work load. In doing that the nurses were able to offer their 100% service to the sick patients. With this done the patients were being released at earlier dates, thus providing space other sick patients to admit. Also I was able to improve my time management skills, this was achieved by having specific time by which I volunteer and get my school work done. Working by a formal schedule I am now able to manage my time more efficiently.My communication skills improved as well, that was one of my main objectives. This was achieved through the amount of time that was spent interacting with the nu rses and patients. I became more assertive and confident, and as such I’m compelled in a sense to do some more community service. I was able to enhance my problem-solving skills, ability to work in teams, and planning abilities. This I know will be of great benefit to me when I’m in the working world and as such I will surely be an asset to that organization. I was also able to enhance my civic engagement attitudes, skills and behaviors.The community, in which I worked, benefited in a number of ways; the nurses and doctors spent less time searching for files/documents, since they were arranged in an appropriate manner. The patients felt better about their well being, since I motivated, and wished them well throughout their sicknesses. The disabled persons felt a sense of caring ,since I supplied them with the necessary tings they were unable to get for themselves, such as water, bed pan, food, etc. The nurses were able to assist the patients more promptly, since I orga nized their tools so that they were easily accessed.Also it influenced the opportunity of the hospital to expand their mission and reach without substantially increasing costs by engaging a cadre of competent, motivated young people who share their time and talents in support of the organization's mission. By working with youth and getting them committed to its mission, the hospital will be able to cultivate a new generation of volunteers for either their own organization or their broader cause. Service-learning at the hospital cultivated connections between the organization, schools, and other community groups.The organization would benefit from having more csp projects, since other volunteers could assist in answering phone calls and feeding patients. This would ease the workload of the nurses; therefore they would have more time to attend to the patients. Also the patients would be supported emotionally since, volunteers would be there to encourage and make them feel better about themselves. Other volunteers could assist in sterilization of the hospital tools this would reduce the transmission of diseases from one patient to another.This would further reduce the prevalence of diseases in the population. New energy, ideas, and enthusiasm as well as specialized skills that young people bring to the hospital would be increased. The more volunteers in the hospital settings the better it is for the community at large since youths are engaged in something constructive rather than on the streets promoting violence. CSP 1001 could be improved by having more in course work, so that students will take the course more seriously and will thus feel enthusiastic about community service.Instead of having just a few community services classes, classes should be kept at least every other week, so that students will be able to share their experiences about the times spent weekly at the specific organization. Also at these classes students should be taught the benefits of com munity service, so that they will value the course more or rather be more appreciative. Csp coordinators should organize activities so as allow the students to volunteer within specific areas of the school so as to help enhancing the school property as well as services. Lecturer’s signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Best Friend Comparison

Many people have two best friends that are similar and different in many ways. These similarities are usually in age, attitude, and interests; on the other hand, some of the differences between these two friends can include height, beliefs, goals, ethnicities, cultures, and much more. Some people may not find any similarities or differences in their best friends, and others may find many similarities and differences in their friends.However, I find three distinct similarities and three differences within these similarities between my two best friends Daniella and Ashley, which allows me to see that despite these similarities and differences, they are still my best friends. Both Daniella and Ashley have boyfriends, but both boys are treated differently. Daniella and Ashley both live with their mom, but one house is cleaner then the other. Finally, Daniella and Ashley are both very smart, but one applies this smartness more then the other.My two best friends, Daniella and Ashley have b oyfriend. They both have been in their relationships for about 3 years, and they both met their boyfriends in freshman year of high school. Despite the similarity of both having boyfriends for the same amount of time, they treat their boyfriends differently. Daniella treats every moment with her boyfriend as if it were their last moment together. For example, every weekend, she picks her boyfriend up for a date. On the other hand, Ashley takes her boyfriend for granted.For instance, every other weekend, Ashley's boyfriend will pay for dinner and they never go on any dates. Both of my friends have boy friends, but Daniella treats her boyfriend with more respect than Ashley. In addition, Daniella and Ashley live with both their mom in a house. Daniella and Ashley both live in the same neighborhood as me. However, Daniella keeps her house immaculate. Her house is always clean and everything is in order. For example, her carpets always look brand new. Her bathroom is spotless, and her k itchen has everything organized, with the dishes always put away.Ashley's house looks like a tornado ran through it. Ashley's house is always a disaster. For instance, Ashley always has clothes all over the place and shoes everywhere. Her bathroom is completely disgusting. Her kitchen has filthy dishes all over the place and food on the floor. Her place also smells, unlike Daniella's house. Both of my friends live with both their mom in a house, but Daniella clearly knows how to maintain her home, while Ashley either does not care or does not know how to keep a clean home.Finally, both of my best friends, Daniella and Ashley, are extremely smart. Both of them speak very well and read lots of books daily. Daniella and Ashley usually get through the same book in the same amount of time, which is a 200-300 page book every four to five days. Both of my friends know how to discuss the text and analyze it. However, Daniella applies this talent to her schooling and future goal of becoming an Athletic Director, while Ashley does not apply herself at all. Daniella goes to all her classes and passes them with straight A's and B's.On the other hand, Ashley still, after many years, goes to school, but usually has to repeat her courses because she does not go to class regularly, and she is lazy to do the work. If Ashley did apply himself, I believe she would be the same to Daniella and also doing well in school. Either way, both are smart, but one applies herself, while the other does not. In conclusion, my two best friends Daniella and Ashley share many similarities, but within these similarities, they are both different.Both Daniella and Ashley have boyfriends, live with their mom in a house, and they both are very smart. However, Daniella treats her boyfriend with respect and takes him on dates every weekend, while Ashley never checks in with her boyfriend or buys him gifts or go on dates. Daniella's house is very clean and has everything in order. Her dishes are always clean, and her carpets are spotless, while Ashley's house is disgusting. Her bathroom is filthy, and her dishes are always dirty.Ashley also always has clothes all over her floor as well as shoes throwed everywhere. Finally, Daniella and Ashley are very smart and read a lot, but Daniella applies her smartness to school and future, while Ashley fails to discipline herself to move on with school. Either way, my two best friends may have similarities that differ in many and various ways, but one similarity that has no differences is that they are my best friends, and I care about them equally.

Angelinas Interest in the Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Angelinas Interest in the Property - Essay Example Where the parties hold joint title to property and there is no declaration of beneficial ownership the law will presume that the parties are joint tenants. It can therefore be presumed the Angelina holds both the legal and equitable interest in the house jointly with Brad. As a result of the joint tenancy, the whole of the property is treated as if it is owned entirely by the parties and not in specific shares. In other words, in the eyes of the law, Brad and Angelina own 100% of the shares in the property together. When parties hold property together as joint tenants, the property passes from one to another upon the death of one of the parties under the doctrine of jus accrescendi. Therefore, when one party passes away, the whole of the property will automatically vest in the surviving joint tenant. As a result, it will be presumed by law that upon Brad’s death, Angelina automatically becomes entitled to the fee simple absolute in the property. However, the presumption can be rebutted by evidence of a common intention to sever the joint tenancy or to create a tenancy in common which will affect the shares that Angelina is entitled to. For instance, if Charles, Jennifer and Erica assert claims to an interest in the property, the court will deter mine whether or not sufficient evidence of a common intention to divide the property as tenants in common exists and if so the extent to which the property should be divided. 4 For present purposes, it can be stated that based on the documents of title, Angelina and Brad held the property jointly as joint tenants, unless Charles, Erica and/or Jennifer can successfully rebut the presumption. If Angelina’s name did not appear on the documents of title, the court would necessarily examine the common intentions of the party in order to ascertain what Angelina’s interest in the property should be. It will not automatically be inferred that just because Brad and Angelina were involved in a relationship at the time the house was purchased that they shared a common intention to own the property jointly. The courts will examine the evidence of common intention to determine whether or not there is sufficient evidence for justifying Angelina’s claim to joint ownership despite the legal title.5 The court will determine how the property should be divided by reference to â€Å"what the parties must, in light of their conduct, be taken to have inte nded.†6 In assessing the common intentions of the parties, the court will take account of the number of factors including the contributions that the parties made toward the property’s purchase price. The court will also take account of, conversations/communications around the time the purchase was conducted; the reason for purchasing the property in one parties’ name alone; the reason the property was purchased; the parties’ relationship; children involved; financing of the home; how the parties dealt with the financial affairs either separately or jointly; and how the property and household expenses were dealt with.7 Based on these factors it can be assumed that while Brad and Angelina were both responsible for the mortgage, Brad eventually discharged most of the mortgage although the initial deposit was furnished by Brad and his father Charles. The couple shared a child and obviously purchased the home together as a family home. Charles’ contribut ion will be viewed as a gift to the couple and will not be looked upon as a contribution by Brad.8 Based on the evidence it appears that the couple shared a family and divided the responsibilities for the family home between them. Brad took care of most of the family expenses, discharged the bulk of the mortgage while Angelina took care of the children. Although, Angelina’

In Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, what does the episode of the Dissertation

In Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, what does the episode of the Sorting Hat reveal about Harry What does it say - Dissertation Example Harry has been given a choice, as the hat is unsure which house he should set Harry into when it is his turn to be sorted. Afraid of his own nature, Harry is clear that he wants to be in Gryffindor, but throughout the series he is plagued by the indecision that the hat initially had when sorting him into a house. The main theme of the Harry Potter series is that of death, but one of the sub themes is that of fate. Fate was written about Harry from before he was born. A foretelling is revealed in the seventh book. From that prophesy, it is revealed that neither Harry nor Voldemort can exist when the other does, thus one must destroy the other. In trying to thwart this prophesy before Harry grows up, Voldemort writes both of their fates by trying to kill Harry. It is through love that Harry is saved, however, when his mother intervenes. In the end, it is the lack of love that Voldemort has that is his weakness. Harry, on the other hand, though struggling with his intimate connection wi th Voldemort must overcome those darker impulses, is supported by the love of his friends and proves stronger. As Voldemort has tried to subvert his fate, it is in his action that he has created the situation that will prove to be his downfall. Essentially, he creates his own demise by acting in fear of the nature of a fated connection between himself and an infant. He bonds them with a destiny that neither will be able to avoid. It is through this bond that Harry is split into two equally strong lines of traits and skills, although he tends to favor his own sense of purity and heroism over the darker aspects of his nature, thus giving them a stronger hold within him. The house of Gryffindor is exemplified by the traits that are most often associated with heroic figures. Those in Slytherin are more ambitious, less sentimental and more prone to the dark arts. Harry shows throughout the series that he has ambitions and pragmatism, a sense of separating that which is sentimental with t hat which is necessary. The Sorting Hat states â€Å"Hmm, difficult. VERY difficult. Plenty of courage, I see. Not a bad mind, either. There's talent, oh yes. And a thirst to prove yourself. But where to put you?† (Rowling 25) He also has an affinity for the magicks that are more associated with darkness and combat. However, although he has these traits, his heroic traits truly define him. He has to make the hard decisions, sometimes clouded by his youth, sometimes by his angers about the death of his parents, but most often with the morals and ethics of heroism, in combination with the sentiment that he feels for his friends. He is not hampered, but tempered by that sense of sentiment. Harry does what is right, even to his own detriment sometimes. The moment of indecision that the Sorting Hat has when selecting the house for Harry reveals an important element about Harry’s nature. Harry, despite his desire to be complete to his own nature is still affected by the part s of his self that are defined by those aspects of Voldemort. In the sixth book, Harry must wrestle with those aspects of anger and darkness that seem to be invading his life. While those aspects play very well as a metaphor for the various ways in which emotions are not within the control of a teenager, they also provide context for the darkness that

Breast Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Breast Cancer - Essay Example There can be some environmental causes too such as â€Å"women who received  radiation therapy  to the upper body for treatment of  Hodgkin disease  before 30 years of age have a significantly higher rate of breast cancer than the general population† (WebMD Inc., 2009). 1) Genes can be defective in some individuals. Genes which are more prone to cancer are BRCA1 and BRCA2. Naturally, these are â€Å"tumor suppressor genes† (American Cancer Society, 2009) because they produce proteins that hinder the growth of cancerous cells, but when they get mutated, they cause the development of cancer. Thus, if a person inherits defective genes from his parents, he is more likely to develop breast cancer. Also, if one has a relative who has cancer of any sort, even then he may be prone to this disease. 2) Growing age is also a risk factor. Older individuals are more prone to this disease. 3) Gender also matters, that is, women have more risk of developing this disease than men. Plant (2000) states that one out of nine women in the United States will develop breast cancer in her lifetime. 3) Corpulence or obesity also plays a role in the development of breast cancer as fat women tend to produce larger quantity of estrogen hormone which, as stated above, increases the risk of breast cancer. 6) Birth control pills are also found to increase the risk of breast cancer to some extent. 7) Lack of exercise is also a big risk factor as properly scheduled exercise hinders the growth of breast cancer. According to Slowick (2009), â€Å"a womans exposure to estrogen is lowered by exercise, which affects the menstrual cycle and can inhibit  ovulation†. The more a woman ovulates, the greater is the risk of breast cancer. Breast cancer does not have very specific causes but one must keep in mind the risk factors involved and must try to limit those which are under his control. Early stage breast cancer has no significant symptoms so it is very important to

COOP training program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

COOP training program - Essay Example This program gives more opportunities to students for employment through giving them opportunities to prove themselves at respectable companies. Madinah Net Holding Company (MNCO) is a joint stock company specialized in general contracting and construction loading and unloading and electric construction and supporting government projects in the work of maintenance and operation. It also produces and manufactures basic materials used in construction (stones, sand, ready mix,  asphalt). The headquarters of the company is located Madinah and there are several branches in the city of Riyadh, Qurayyat, Ahsa and Dammam. MNCO was established in the beginning of 1418 AH to contribute to boost and develop the economy through the implementation of construction projects, loading, unloading, maintenance and operation of various government and private sectors. This was through developing the strategic plan to improve service delivery in the field of operation, maintenance, and it proved successful achievement of objectives through the provision of qualified chiefs and modern techniques that have contributed to overcome obstacles to reach its vision. Believing in the importance of the role of human resources in achieving the objectives, MNH has been keen to appoint a skilled workforce and attract talents and experiences from different sectors and formed integrated technical and management work groups at a high level of training, efficiency, and began to implement its efforts even exceeded expectations, and thus gained the confidence of customers and their satisfaction with the support of such experiences and competencies. Madinah Net Holding Co. for Cement Products Factory consists of main and technical administration, sales department, production, laboratory and financial department. All of these categories carry a group of competent and a high degree of

Social movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Social movement - Essay Example The homogeneity of the Abolitionist Movement was however soon to be fragmented with the increasing participation of African-Americans in this movement for their emancipation. The involvement of Blacks in the movement made it move beyond its erstwhile minimalist agenda of slave emancipation. The movement gradually began to press for political and social equality in all domains for Black Americans. This perhaps somewhat predictably caused a rift between the White abolitionists and their Black counterparts. The abolitionists adopted a number of measures to have their demands heard. They sent innumerable petitions to the American Congress, wrote pamphlets and treatises giving moral, religious and social arguments against slavery and held conferences and speeches to mobilize mass support for their cause. One of the very first White abolitionist was Benjamin Lay pointed to the moral and religious underpinnings of slavery and termed it a â€Å"notorious sin†. Anthony Benezet, yet another early abolitionist combined a didactic critique of slavery with its economic implications. He argued that if owners of slaves would stop their demand for slaves, the heinous practice of the Atlantic slave trade would inevitably come to an end (Abolition, Anti-Slavery Movements, and the Rise of the Sectional Controversy). Perhaps the first outspoken Black abolitionist figures were Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth. Truth spent a considerable part of her life as a slave before gaining independence through the New York Gradual Abolition Act of 1827. She advocated not merely race equality but was also extremely ahead of her times in advocating gender equality. Douglass on the other hand was an extremely impressive orator who worked in collaboration with leading abolitionist leader William Lloyd Garrison to speak widely and powerfully for the cause of slave emancipation. Douglass’ numerous writings and speeches went a long way in

Marketing strategy and planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing strategy and planning - Assignment Example Until recently, the business of the business has been simply considered to be just ‘business’, but now, it is more than that and it should be able to contribute to social justice, community welfare, economic development and quality of social life as well. This piece of research paper explains the underlying concepts and modern aspects of corporate social responsibility in relation to the evaluation of social responsibility efforts made by three major companies, namely Apple Inc, Johnson & Johnson and Nestle. Corporate Social Responsibility The importance and the role of corporate social responsibility have been increasing continuously in the business contexts within the last few years and this is very evident from the fact that 90% of the fortune 500 companies have explicit social responsibility initiatives (Bueble, 2009, p. 1). CSR is discerned from three words, namely Corporate, Social and Responsibility, covering the relationship between corporations and the societies in relation to how they both interact. To be more specific, it includes the responsibilities that are inherent in the relationship between the corporate and the society (Werther and Chandler, 2006, p. 6). According to Kotler and Lee (2005, p. 3), corporate social responsibility is a commitment to improve community well-being through discretionary business practices and by contributing corporate or business resources. Business activities or community well-being efforts that are already mandated by the law or are generally accepted as moral and ethical are exempted by the term ‘discretionary’. The idea behind the concept of CSR is that all business organizations and their leaders must consider the impact of their decisions and activities on the community as a whole and they must be able to assume certain responsibilities that are expected of them. The social responsibility of a business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical and discretionary expectations that the soci ety has of the organization for a given period of time (Sims, 2003, p. 43). A business organization is not only expected to meet customer needs and wants, but also to satisfy customer needs and wants in a way that are corresponding to the legal, ethical, social, moral and discretionary expectations of the customers and all other stakeholders. As part of the social responsibility, a business should be able to improve social life of the general public, foster economic development of the nation, improve the quality of the life of its people and enhance social and community well-being of the society at large. In order a business to be socially responsible, it has to fulfill the rules and regulations that are entrusted to them by the legal system and responsibilities that are expected of them by the society, function according to the ethical and moral aspects that the business has to meet. Pearson and Robinson (2004, p. 50) emphasized that there are basically four elements of the social commitments involved in the CSR, they are economical, legal, ethical and discretionary responsibilities. Holme and Watts’ view on CSR Many different views and definitions on

How the Police Access Data to Obtain Criminal Information Assignment

How the Police Access Data to Obtain Criminal Information - Assignment Example He lives in California and was visiting us in Miami for a break from his work, about which we knew nothing about. It was a cool evening and we being late for the opening pitch, uncle Bobby was driving way over the speed limit when a police patrol car appeared from nowhere and told us to pull over which we did. My uncle told me to stay in the car while he went out to talk to this big cop. After a few moments the cop reached for his radio and mumbled something into it. After a few minutes to my horror he handcuffed my uncle, checked my license and told me to drive home, just after he told me that my uncle had a warrant out in California. Research How did a cop of MPD know about outstanding warrants in California? I got intrigued and started looking for answers. I came up with a few observations about the digital media and its integration with the modern police force. Firstly, my uncle had previous criminal record in California. Therefore the police Record Management System (RMS) in Cal ifornia had every piece of personal information of an offender in there state properly indexed and catalogued (Raymond, 2005). So now comes the query that even if a criminal has outstanding warrants and all sorts of records in the state of California, how a trooper retrieved that information on a highway from his car through a wireless radio.

Ause and Effect on Rhabdomyosarcoma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ause and Effect on Rhabdomyosarcoma - Essay Example Such genetic problems cause very quick development of the new cells and also cause the old cells to live for a very long period. The number of cells keeps increasing as a result of this, thus creating tumors. Certain genetic disorders can also cause damage to the DNA. However, in a vast majority of cases, doctors are unaware of the exact causes of abnormalities of the DNA which cause rhabdomyosarcoma in an individual. â€Å"There are no known lifestyle-related or environmental causes of RMS, so it is important to know that there is nothing these children or their parents could have done to prevent these cancers† (â€Å"Rhabdomyosarcoma† a). Risk Factors Although there is a lot of subjectivity about the real causes of rhabdomyosarcoma, yet there are certain risk factors that increase an individual’s susceptibility to acquiring rhabdomyosarcoma. These risk factors include but are not limited to age, gender, and inherited conditions. The population that is most freq uently affected by rhabdomyosarcoma is of children below ten years of age, though rhabdomyosarcoma may also be observed in adolescents, teenagers, and adults. Rhabdomyosarcoma is more frequently seen in boys or men as compared to girls or women. People inherit their risk to fall prey to different kinds of cancer. The DNA inherited by an individual from the parents may have some changes to cause this tendency. The risk of rhabdomyosarcoma is increased by some inherited conditions, though they are generally very rare. For example, people with a family history of Li-Fraumeni syndrome have increased risk of acquiring different kinds of sacromas including rhabdomyosarcoma. Patients of Beckwith-Wierdemann syndrome are at great risk of development of the Wilms tumor. Effects There are a lot of effects of rhabdomyosarcoma, some of which are discussed here. Rhabdomyosarcoma creates a mass inside the body which at times is painful while at other times, is not painful. Rhabdomyosarcoma causes development of tumors in the throat or nose. The development of tumors is accompanied with the symptoms of congestion, bleeding. Or neurological problems upon extension into brain. In some cases, the patient may experience problems in the process of swallowing. Sometimes, rhabdomyosarcoma in the patient causes the development of tumors around the eyes which can cause such harmful effects as the eye’s bulging, and swelling. In a vast majority of cases when this happens, the individual experiences problems with vision. Rhabdomyosarcoma causes development of tumors inside the ears due to which, the patient suffers from a loss of hearing ability and also experiences swelling inside the ear. Rhabdomyosarcoma also causes the tumors to develop inside the vagina, and they may be visible from the vagina’s opening. Tumors in such regions as vagina and bladder not only decline an individual’s control over urine, but also affect the sexual life of the individual. Tumors in the muscles are also a great source of pain. Owing to this, many patients interpret the muscle tumors as injuries. Treatment Treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma is complicated. It requires mutual effort of several nurses, doctors, and physicians. The most effective treatment option is worked out jointly by the pediatric oncologists, oncology nurses, surgeons, and radiation oncologists. â€Å"

Advertising & Alcohol Products Essay Example for Free

Advertising Alcohol Products Essay People’s life are built and protected by both us and society. We make our life happiness by enjoy as much as possible qualified products and society which is represented by government ensured the life quality by regulation requesting the obligation from all people towards product’s usage. Nevertheless, in some cases, government has to control and put the enforcement on consumer even if people like to use that product. Alcohol can be seen as a very popular example. People feel excited when use it, but, what will happen if the alcohol consumption increases year by year. As cited by Hall in his research this year, there was 25% increase in liver deaths which is caused by alcohol in last ten years. Not only alcohol beverages but alcohol advertising is interesting as well in attracting people. Therefore, alcohol advertising is now controlled strictly to prevent its bad impact. Government is allowed and able to do this for a better life to UK people. See more: Is the Importance of being earnest a satirical play essay Binge-drinking can be listed as a trouble for middle-aged, middle-class and out-of-control youth in UK. It is worth noting that UK people are one of groups consuming alcohol most in Europe (British Medical Association, 2009). Since, UK government has to consider and find solution for this problem. It can be known that the effect of alcohol is similar to drug as well as tobacco although it depends on the quantities of usage. However, according to BMA board of science, it can be denied that not only drinker but also their relatives are affected by harmful consequences from alcohol such as contributory factor and violence at home. At first, advertising is same as other marketing tools with the aim to persuade people use product as much as possible. In the situation of alcohol, Advertisement increases consumer’s conceptions about alcohol which can promote them buy more. The journal of British Medical Association in 2009 cited the research conducted by Anderson and other researcher s that â€Å"alcohol marketing and promotion relate to the likelihood that adolescents will begin to use alcohol and drink more if they are already using alcohol†. Jernigan (2010) suggested that a mix of unmeasured activities relating to cultural, religious and regulatory context is used by alcohol companies. Advertising approach consumer, especially the Youth in many ways: marketing on Television, newspaper, sponsorship for sports, music, and cinema. The image of alcohol impresses people day by day encouraging them use it naturally. As a result, these activities impacts making decision of the youth in alcohol purchasing because culture, religion and regulation contribute strongly to the growth process of young people. Moreover, The high rate of alcohol beverages advertising’s appearance in public encourage people use it regularly for entertainment and daily usage which will result in bad effect on people life and society. This present can make people see wine, beer as a daily product. The greater availability of alcohol advertising is the reason why people under 23 years old continue to raise their drinking behavior (Jernigan, 2010). The high alcohol consumption of much means their health will have problem as well as the ability of causing violence or crime can be increased in society. Therefore, alcohol advertising should be limited like tobacco so that people will realize that the former also has bad effects as the latter. Although alcohol is still a product and beverage companies have right to advertise, this is sensitive one so that government should control for a safety of people life. The limitation of alcohol advertising will help government protect people’s health and social security. There will be no more crime which is relevant to alcohol. The health of people will be ensured. Let’s take Denmark as an example, this country only accepted broadcast advertising on low alcohol-content products and the rates of alcohol intoxication was reported highest rates at that time among European countries (International Center for Alcohol Policies) Wilby (2008) proposed that people are heavily impacted by advertising due to they are freely to accept information provided by other agents. Therefore, governments should be allowed to control advertising and able to manage the advertising of alcohol beverages companies by using advertising regulation, sign agreement with alcohol beverage companies and advertising agency or control newspaper and broadcasting agencies. He also suggested that governments can put enforcement on the advertising of cars, alcohol, junk food and other potentially dangerous products as the same way they used to work towards tobacco advertising. For example, as established in Advertising Standard Authority, in UK, â€Å"alcohol marketing is required that ads not link alcohol with sex, social success, youth culture or juvenile behavior.† (Hall, 2012) Enjoy the life as well as using entertaining product freely is demand of all most every people. On the other hand, alcohol beverage companies are also absolutely right when they want to provide as much as possible good alcoholic beverages for their consumer. Nevertheless, it is necessary to have a third party which is governments of countries in general and U. K government to put alcohol advertising under the control. They can set regulation and request that alcohol companies follow it strictly.

Exploring theatrical intertextuality

Exploring theatrical intertextuality Investigating how the relationship between two texts, Hamlet and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead, are inextricably linked thematically and thus the outcome of what is lost and what is gained in both plays; by discussing how Stoppard translates his play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead, from Shakespeares Hamlet. Stoppards technique of extracting two minor characters from probably the most famous play in literatures history, hamlet, enables the audience to gain a unique and enlightening perspective of these characters. The way in which Stoppard deals with his play, by exploring many interesting themes, presents the modern idealisms of movements such as existentialism and debates such as free will versus determinism. By referring to Hamlet we are able to gain new insight, as if peeling away the layers of an onion to infinitely seek hidden meanings; perhaps a consequence of our modern thinking. Stoppards play can be described as searching for the meaning of life and the certainty of death, the links of which can be discussed within the context of existentialism. In brief, existentialism refers to a doctrine that concentrates on the existence of the individual, who, being free and responsible, is held to be what he makes himself by the self-development of his essence through acts of the will. (OED 27/11/09) With existentialism opposing any absolutes and that choice is always possible and when an individual fulfils himself, he exists; and that fulfilling can come only through the agony of choices; human existence is thus replete with lack of fulfillment, emptiness, and frustration. (Stephens 27/11/09) In discussion to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, the two characters Ros and Guil are unable to comprehend their own identities and thus their own individualities, which prevents them from conceiving their own free will. The lack of making choices and taking control of their lives, ultimately leads to them falling into the hands of fate, which leads them to questioning the meaning of life. This is explicit in the opening scene where they discover probabilities. In this regard, they are conscious of a world that seems to be controlled around them, and chance is warped as a spun coin continually comes up heads. (HSC Notes 27/11/09) However, one could argue that the characters in Stoppards play are bound by their previous existence in Shakespeares Hamlet and thus their existence is already contrived as Stoppard deliberately chose to manipulate two characters and reveal their minor story by creating an intertextual play. Furthermore, in regard to the philosophy of existentialism, Gabriel Marcel states that no two beings and no two situations are really commensurable with each other. (Flynn 2006) By dissecting this comment we can apply the first part two beings to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. They seem to be two characters, but alternatively they appear to be linked as if they are two sides of the same coin. Even in Hamlet, Gertrude mixes the two characters up, thus contributing to the lack of distinction between each of their identities, and the quest for their purpose in life, portrayed more relentlessly by Guil. In comparison to Hamlet, the clearest examples of existentialism are in Hamlets speech, and his contemplation of suicide near the end of the play. To be or not to be that is the question. (Shakespeare III.i.56-88) On one significant level, one could argue that through an existentialist perspective, the argument of existence, and moving through choices and more poignantly the questions between the choice of life and death can be deciphered through this one line, as Dan Nguyen comments Hamlet explores his own mortality. (Nguyen 27/11/09) In exploring the elements of life and death, both plays delve into these themes, and not only because Hamlet is a tragedy, but because of the character Hamlets, inability to seek the meaning of life and his obsession of death, which consolidates my suspicion of finding truth through death because it seems to the characters of both plays to be the only certainty. As Jimmy Stephens asserts that life is a mystery and that this mystery ends in death, are the two truths Rosencrantz and Guildenstern do discover as the play proceeds. (Stephens 27/11/09) Ros and Guils refusal to accept responsibility for making choices and taking control of their existence, leads them to suffer almost in a purgatory made inevitably by themselves; which is supported by Nguyens statement that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern never quite grasp the plight of their destiny, reflecting modern uncertainty and disillusionment of the twentieth century, where the only beginning is birth, and the only end is death. (Nguyen 27/11/09) By referring to a definition existent in existentialism, Because of what I am I cannot stop time, except through death, suicide, insanity, alcoholism, or narcotics addiction (Stephens 27/11/09) We can aptly see the universal ideas of existentialism revolving around the theme of death, explicit in both of these plays. Therefore, in reply to the statement above, by considering the extent of what is lost and what is gained by Stoppard intertextualising his play alongside Shakespeares is we see an inextricable link of themes and ideas. However, what is lost by reading both plays separately is the extent of how two minds from two different periods are so alike in their philosophy yet so vastly apart in their language and the outcomes of this consequence dependent on the audience target they seek. Thus as discussed above the elements in Shakespeares Hamlet are not apparent in Stoppards play, so it would be deduced that the extent of the theme existentialism would not seemingly run parallel throughout the two plays if read separately. Yet if the texts are read concurrently then ultimately much is gained by the reflection of themes within a different historical and social context in comparison to another as we can fully understand appreciate their value within our own contexts as a modern audience. Moving on, in contemplating what is lost and what is gained, it is important to establish a definition of which this can be measured. By these terms I seek to explore from an audience perspective what is revealed through Stoppards play, that we would not necessarily have found through just reading Hamlet alone. As it is common knowledge, Stoppard takes two minor characters from Hamlet and transforms them into two major characters, with much of the action happening in Hamlet, taking place in a minor context in Stoppards play. My initial reaction to Hamlet, informed me of the two minor characters of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, were that they were a function to help move the action of the plot along, they were a device that enabled Shakespeare to enhance further the manipulating and deceiving nature of Claudius. The characters themselves did seem strange in the context that they are Hamlets childhood friends, and as Hamlet subtly reveals in Act III scene II, lines 340-63 he perceives them to be conniving. Hamlet Will you play upon this pipe? to Guildenstern It is as easy as lying However, Stoppards revelation of the characters provokes a more sympathetic/ pitiful visualization of the two characters. They seem to be unaware of their true existence, forgetting their past and who they are. Recurring expression of the need to seek the true meaning of their existence is prolonged continually up until their death, even when Guildenstern and Rosencrantz learn of their fate they are still unable to comprehend it, and further question what was it all about? In addition the lack of control over their existence and environment possibly lends itself to the religious backdrop that is a subtle subtext. For example, in Hamlet the religious emphasis often inhibits the action of the play in one respect, as he puts off killing his uncle, because hes afraid he has sought absolution through prayer. However, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (from Stoppard) are taken from that context a nd placed in an entirely different one, whereby emphasis on God and religion is no longer precedent in the society. Thus everything becomes meaningless to these characters as there are no absolutes, as discussed in the existentialist example above, and they are forever stuck in a purgatory where change is non existent is some respect. They are unable to influence their environment and thus lack the ability to transform or effect their fate, unlike Hamlet who knows his ability to bring about change, and we can witness this through his psychological state yet Hamlet is confined by fate purely because of the difference in religious backdrops that are set up in either play and the conventions it must adhere to it is a tragedy in exactly the Shakespearian era sense. Thus, in conclusion there are many definite links and themes that are inextricably linked within the two plays, which in one sense must be predictable as Stoppard is lending from Shakespeares Hamlet. However the set up is extremely clever with Stoppard lending an additional perceptive, by reflecting on common ideas but with a modern viewpoint he manipulates the text to reveal an uncanny interpretation of two characters and the themes that are present in Hamlet. Therefore it must be said that much is gained, through Stoppards creation, however in my opinion it is meant as a source to be read parallel to Hamlet in order to benefit from the subtle undertones that link the sources so well, and to give a picture of modern society and its reaction. Bibliography Author unknown, English Stage 6 Transformations, http://members.optusnet.com.au/badtz_style/HSC%20stuff/English%20Study%20Notes.pdf. Date accessed: 27/11/09. Author unknown, Hamlet and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern: Understanding the Relationship, www.harrisonhigh.org//Rosencrantz%20and%20Guildenstern.doc .Date accessed: 27/11/09. Cannon, Ryan, Confusing the Critics: Tom Stoppards Rosencrantz Guildenstern Are Dead, http://newmedia.alma.edu/english/420/cannon/eng320.pdf. Date accessed: 27/11/09. De Vos, Jozef, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead: Tom Stoppards artistic failure', Neophilologus, vol. 61, I, Jan 1977, p. 1. Flynn, R. Thomas, Existentialism: a very short introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. HSC Notes: 2 Unit Related English: Tom Stoppard, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, http://lardcave.net/hsc/english.2ur.stoppard.rosencrantzandguildenstern.html. Date accessed: 27/11/09. Mattern, Karl, Analysis of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, Norderstedt: Grin Verlag, 2006. Mitchell, Marea, Hamlet and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, http://escholarship.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/SSE/article/viewFile/50/44. Date accessed: 27/11/09. Nguyen Dan, Transformation of Hamlet to Rosencrantz Guildenstern Are Dead, www.kewpid.net. Date accessed: 27/11/09. Shakespeare, William, Hamlet, in Thompson, A. and Taylor, N. (eds) London: The Arden Shakespeare, 2006. Stephens C. Jimmy, Rosencrantz And Guildenstern Are Dead, Diem Perdidi Titus, Student Notes And Exercises, www.unicorncollector.com. Date accessed: 27/11/09. Stoppard, Tom, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, London: Faber, 1967. www.oed.com, Oxford University Press, 1989. Date accessed: 27/11/09.

The Merger Of Bp And Amoco

The Merger Of Bp And Amoco British Petroleum and Amoco announced their merger on August 11th of 1998 as the largest industrial merger in history worldwide. Initially the plan was to convert all the BP service stations in the United States into Amoco, whereas overseas all the Amoco service stations were supposed to be converted into BPs. However, in 2001 BP announced that all Amoco service stations would be renamed into BP while some others would be closed or disposed of, leading to an entire rebranding of Amoco Fuels. During 2008, almost all Amoco Fuels service stations had been restored by BP Gasoline with Invigorate and just a few of them remained operations under the original Amoco brands name. On April 2010, Chevron purchased some of the remaining Amoco Fuel service stations, mostly in Mississippi and converted them into Texaco service stations. After the spill in the Gulf of Mexico from Deepwater Horizon, BP considered to rebrand their US based operations back into Amoco Fuels as the company suffered a decline in sales on account of the negative publicity associated with the incident. Companys background: In 1909, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) was incorporated as a subsidiary of Burmah Oil Company to exploit a concession to search for oil in Iran. By 1935, it became the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), but after the assassination of the pro-western Prime Minister Ali Razmara, the oil industry in Iran was nationalized and National Iranian Oil Company was formed displacing the AIOC. By the time, the British government owned the AIOC and contested the nationalization at the International Court of Justice at The Hague, but its complaint was dismissed. However, in 1953, National Iranian Oil Company became an international consortium, and AIOC resumed operations in Iran as a member of it. The AIOC became the British Petroleum Company in 1954 and the British government was controlling it again. In 1959 the company expanded beyond the Middle East to Alaska and by 1978 it acquired a controlling interest in Standard Oil of Ohio. Nevertheless, British Petroleum Company continued operating from Iran until the Islamic Revolution in 1979, when the new regime confiscated all of the companys assets within the country without compensation, bringing the end of the British 70 years presence in Iran. Between 1979 and 1987, the British governments entire holding on the company was sold to several private investors and in 1987, British Petroleum negotiated the acquisition of Britoil. Moreover, Standard Oil of California and Gulf Oil had merged in 1984, it what would be known as the largest merger in history at that time; however the antitrust regulation relented many of its operating subsidiaries in the Gulf and sold some stations and a refinery in the eastern United States, allowing British Petroleum to acquire most of them. Finally, John Browne, who had been on the board as managing director since 1991, was appointed group chief executive in 1995. Browne is considered the responsible for BPs three major acquisitions; Amoco, ARCO and Burmah Castrol. Development of the merger: In 1997 BP and Amoco net income was US$ 4.6 billion and US$ 2.7 billion respectively. Combined revenues were US$ 108 billion and capital employed US$ 57 billion. The combined market capitalization was calculated around US$ 110 billion, a figure which would place the newly formed corporation among the top three oil companies in the world. The deal was expected to deliver synergies from cost savings that would add at least US$ 2 billion pre-tax a year by the end of 2000 to the earnings already separately targeted by the 2 companies. Finally, when British Petroleum merged with Amoco in December 1998 the company also acquired Burmah Castrol plc. and Arco (Atlantic Richfield Co.) closing the deal in early 2000. BP continued selling Amoco branded petrol even in service stations with the BP identity since Amoco had been rated as the best petroleum brand by consumers for 16 consecutive years comparable only to Chevron and Shell. In 2008, the high grade available petrol from BP (BP Gasoline with Invigorate) was still called Amoco Ultimate and BP decided to move it as most of its petrochemical businesses into a separate entity called Innovene within the BP Group. Terms agreed for the merger: The pre-merger negotiations conducted between the two companies were relatively fast compared to other transactions in the same scale. The benefits expected both companies were easily identified and agreements were developed in a friendly manner. The terms were disclosed immediately and were summarized as following: Value of the merger: US$ 53 billion Merger deal instrument: share swap (exchange of stock) Exchange Ratio agreed: Amoco shareholders were offered 3.97 BP shares for each share of Amoco common stock Amoco shareholders premium above BPs current market value: 25% Increase in number of shares after the merger: 15% Shareholders structure after merger: 60% BP shareholders 40% Amoco shareholders Headquarters of the new company after merger: BP Amoco plc. headquarters remained in London and Amocos head office became the headquarters for the companys North American operations Trading market for the companies: BP and Amoco shares would remain listed on the London Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange Companys management structure after merger: BPs CEO Sir John Brown would continue leading the company co-chaired by BPs chairman Peter Sutherland and Amocos chairman Larry Fuller Staff cuts after merger: BP Amoco plc. confirmed cost reductions from a cut-off in personnel; the two groups had 99,450 employees together, with BP employing 56,450 and Amoco the rest. The reduction in first stage would represent 11% to 13% of the total Combined reserves: 14.8 billion barrels. Serving 17,900 BP service stations around the world and 9,300 Amoco service stations all in the US Options pegged to the merger: Amoco granted BP an option to purchase 189,783,270 shares of Amoco common stock at a price of US$ 41 per share. This represented approximately 19.9 % of the outstanding Amocos common stock Dividend payout after the merger: Both companies would continue to pay quarterly dividends in the ordinary course prior to the implementation of the merger, then its dividend policy was to continue paying 4 dividends a year and with a payout of approximately 50 % of through cycle earnings The Merger Agreement would also provide termination fees to be paid by one party to the other under certain circumstances. The circumstances in which either party is able to terminate the Merger Agreement include: If either Amoco or BP shareholders do not approve the merger and related transactions If the other party enters into negotiations with any other person in relation to an acquisition offer for that party If the board of the other party withdraws or adversely modifies its approval related to the merger Market conditions leading to the merger: In order to get a better understanding about why the BP-Amoco merger is considered as one of the most successful mergers in history and which factors contributed to given success, it is important to deem about the different aspects from the oil industry market that either the management and the shareholders from both companies took into account to be convinced that the transaction would only add value and the risks would be covered: Oil prices worldwide were depressed and had fallen to their lowest levels in over a decade The price of a barrel of Brent crude oil had decreased to US$11.8 in real terms; the lowest price in 25 years No oil company of any significant size was immune to a takeover threat during the early 1990s; their stock prices were depressed. It was cheaper to buy oil reserves on Wall Street than by exploration and development outlays. These pressures caused the major oil companies to engage in a wide range of restructuring activities and costs reductions Restructuring efforts and improvements in technologies had lowered costs to US$16 to US$18 per barrel. Oil prices declined to US$9 per barrel in late 1998. Thus, the overriding objective for the mergers beginning in 1998 was to further increase efficiencies to lower breakeven levels toward the US$11 to US$12 per barrel range Amoco had reported the month before a fall of more than 50% in second quarter earnings Amoco, being the fourth largest US oil producer, was hurt by its lack of international refining Combining the chemicals operations of BP and Amoco would create a business with revenues of US$ 13 billion that together with the strengths of BP in Europe and Amoco in the US would provide a powerful platform for expansion in Asia where both companies already had significant investments The new chemicals business would be one of the worlds largest petrochemicals companies, with leading positions in 7 core products: acetic acid, acrylonitrile, aromatics, purified terephthalic acid (PTA), alpha-olefins, purified isophthalic acid (PIA) and polypropylene. A diversified portfolio of key proprietary technologies Best practices in acquisitions issues indicated that the successful mergers carried out in previous years tended to be those in which the goods or services offered by the companies involved in the transaction were highly similar, contrasting mergers between companies seeking to combine different markets and diversify its business. The latter were considerably more risky and the probability of failure was higher Features of BP-Amoco merger versus Daimler-Chrysler merger: In contrasting the BP and Amoco merger to Daimler and Chrysler, it is important to outline the main differences both in the pre-merger requisite as well as the merger implementation. Particularly, with regard to each companys ability to adapt to the changes after the merger and the manner in which the target markets would accept the new company. The acquisition of Chrysler marked the first time one of the Detroit Big Three automakers would be in the hands of a private equity firm. There are those who say the merger, which faced significant cultural differences, was doomed from the start. Originally, the plan was for Chrysler to use Daimler parts, components and even vehicle architecture to sharply reduce the cost to produce future vehicles. But problems surfaced when Daimlers Mercedes-Benz luxury division, whose components Chrysler would use, was averse to contribute to Chrysler. Further, the immediate perception of the market was that the new company would produce vehicles with lower quality standards Both automakers wanted to enter markets overseas that they had never explored before, and that consumers would be unwilling to accept such change. In the contrary to the car industry, the oil industry had been, arguably more than any other industry, forced to adjust to the massive change forces of globalization and entrepreneurial innovations. It stands out from most other industries in many ways, one being the existence of a truly global market in which 53% of the total volume is traded internationally. Oil itself accounts for about 10% of total world trade, more than any other commodity. Furthermore, there are some other key factors that contributed specifically to BP-Amoco merger success compared to Daimler-Chrysler such as: Amoco and BP believed that the bigger companies among the industry would win the best opportunities Amoco and BPs merger was cataloged by the oil industrys experts as one superb alliance of equals with complementary strategic and geographical strengths which effectively creates a new super-major that can better serve millions of customers worldwide It was known that within the oil industry, the best investment opportunities would go increasingly to companies that had the size and financial strength to take on those large-scale projects that offer a truly distinctive return There were accounting reasons in both companies why the merger would be more appropriate and would create value Amoco had a lack of international refining. Nonetheless, it also had important findings from research and development technologies to offer (a deal with an oil major was only a matter of time) Both, BP and Amoco had significant investments in solar energy and share strong records and reputations for sound operating practices, environmental and social responsibility. It was easy to predict that they were able to share the same practices and therefore the same markets Quite the opposite, Daimler-Chrysler never considered that their businesses were focused on different markets in terms of geographies, type of vehicles and prices. In addition to that, with regard to Chrysler, markets for passenger cars and commercial vehicles were deteriorated at the time of the merger (low growth expectations) In addition, the adaptation of automotive companies after the merger would be much slower than that of oil companies given the production practices of each of the parties. In other words, the extraction of oil was very similar whereas car production had significant differences Conclusions: According to Berkovitch and Narayanan2) there are three major types of motivations for mergers: synergy, hubris, and agency problems. BP-Amoco merger met the three of them: Synergy: efficiency objectives were promised and achieved; costs were reduced by adoptions of best practices from both companies, particularly in combining advanced technologies. The market cap of the company after the merger resulted 12.5% higher than the sum of both companies market cap. Hubris: this motivation may be reflected in overpaying for the target; in this case, Amocos shareholders premium outcome was around 25%, higher than any other merger premium negotiated within the industry. Agency problems: Since the Return on Equity (ROE) and the Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) increased after the merger, it can be assume that the management and shareholders targets were well aligned and therefore agency problems were not implied. Moreover, divergent from Daimler-Chrysler merger; the reasons, the structure, and the implementation of the BP-Amoco transaction reflected the characteristics provided by the oil and gas industry to ensure the success of the merger: There are no significant differences between the product from different brands (petrol is pretty much the same, no matter who extracts it). The industry increasingly utilizes advanced technology in exploration, production, refining, and in the logistics of its operations (it is evident the cost reduction since all the companies require the same expenditures) According to the market conditions related to the oil industry mentioned before, the BP-Amoco merger was convenient and almost needed to push the barriers surrounding the industry as the fall in crude prices and the high costs regarding exploration and development that were required to further increase its production. Concerning to Daimler-Chrysler, many factors were not considered before the merger and limited the achievement of outcomes expected, mainly on issues of marketing, synergies in production and work culture. http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/STAGING/global_assets/downloads/A/ARCO_Key_facts_and_operating_statistics.pdf Mergers and Acquisitions ARCO. 2008 Berkovitch, Elazar and M. P. Narayanan, 1993, Motives for Takeovers: An Empirical Investigation, Journal of Financial Quantitative Analysis, 28 (No. 3, September), 347-362. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A080230b.htm. Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 5 Jun. 2010 Copeland, Tom, Tim Koller, and Jack Murrin, 2000, Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Values of Companies, 3rd ed., New York, NY, John Wiley Sons. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BP ANNEXES BP Recent financial data in millions of US$ Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Sales 180,186 236,045 294,849 249,465 265,906 284,365 361,341 EBITDA 22,941 28,200 37,825 41,453 44,835 Net results 6,845 10,267 15,961 22,341 22,000 20,845 21,157 Net debt 20,273 20,193 21,607 16,202 16,202

A Lesson Before Dying :: essays research papers

The lady that appears after the first 100 pages of the book turns out to be Vivian, Grant’s secret lover. Grant and Vivian take a walk and after their walk they visit Grant’s aunt, aunt Emma. Aunt Emma and her friends are very fond of Vivian and they give her many compliments. Aunt Emma, and the reverend go to visit Jefferson and they find that Grant’s previous account of Jefferson’s recovery was lie; Jefferson still eats and behaves like a “hog';. Aunt Emma and the reverend confront Grant regarding his faulty account of Jefferson’s recovery. Once again, Grant visits Jefferson and tries to convince him that he is not a hog and he is a man. After a couple more visits from the ladies and Grant, the chapter ends off with the whole town watching a Christmas play on the birth of Jesus. After the play, Grant is tired of watching the same play and seeing the same people dressed in the same kinds of clothing year after year. The hermeneutic view means the dominant interpretation to a text. In “A Lesson Before Dying,'; they end off the chapter with a Christmas play about the birth of Jesus. This is significant because Christmas to Christian’s is a symbol of birth. This could mean that there might be new hope for Jefferson. This is because Jefferson is currently on death row. Christmas does not symbolize death, but symbolizes birth. This could mean that Jefferson could get a new chance in life or at least will not be executed in the near future. Another important point is that everyone knew that this play is dedicated to Jefferson/. This could mean that the whole community is praying for Jefferson. The reverend started to pray and asked God to watch over everyone including the ones in jail who were innocent or guilty. At the end of this, Grant says, “Vivian said things were changing. But where were they changing?'; This is an important quote because Vivian might be implying that racism is beginning to stop, but Grant cannot see these changes. He only sees racism as a part of life. According to the political view, there is a hierarchical structure underneath the construction of race. When Grant has a talk with his teacher, his teacher said, “I am superior to you. I am superior to any man blacker than me.'; His teacher is possibly implying that lighter skin color is racially superior in society.

William Carlos Williams The Rose - A Symbol of Love :: Williams Rose Essays

William Carlos Williams' The Rose - A Symbol of Love William Carlos Williams was a poet and writer who defied norms and constrictions in order to achieve new perspective and enlightenment, especially when it involved the tried and true. He sought to bring new life to old concepts through allowing imagination to shape the form, instead of allowing old ideas to influence our understanding of the subject. This is especially true in the poem "The Rose", which approaches a subject that may induce thoughts of significant others and prom-night disasters, and instead elaborates on the roots of the age-old symbol for love. To be honest, I have absolutely no idea what this poem is about, so hopefully something will make sense by the end of this paper. The poem starts out as a description of the flower that we all have either received, given, longed for, or been cut by. Instantly, there is the feel of conflict in the language that is being used. Abrasive, heavy words that could be used to describe a murder are mixed with other words that seem to convey a sense of hope and spacial energy. The clusters of thought that somehow constitute a complete sentence make the reading somewhat difficult from the very beginning, but it seems to take on a multi-layered personality as the poem plays itself out. Although there is no mention of the thorny stem, words such as 'sharper', 'cutting', and 'edge', instead describe the flower itself. The constant reference to materials that possess qualities different from any rose such as 'metal', 'copper', 'broken plate", and 'steel', serve to indicate that this flower is being seen through a set of eyes that have perhaps been cast and hardened by the capacity for love. In contrast to the Nine-Inch Nails words, there are several phrases that become rather ethereal in their incantation. "Grooved columns of air", "But if it ends the start has begun", and "penetrates the Milky Way without contact" all seem to place this flower at the very center of nothingness. This contrast brings to mind high quality photography, which can make an image seem to have sharp edges and contrast greatly with its background.

Marketing :: essays research papers

American companies take many things into consideration when marketing products in other countries. The article â€Å"Tough Cookies† by Oliver Libaw, and the article â€Å"Not so fast† by Jean-Marc Lehu discuss marketing American Products in other countries. â€Å"Tough Cookies† discussed Nabisco and their success of selling Oreos and Chips Ahoy in Mexico. â€Å"Not so fast† discussed the triumph of the store Crazy George, which is like American Rent-A-Center, in the United Kingdom and their failure in France. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which was established in 1994, made it possible for Nabisco to sell their products in Mexico. NAFTA produced almost free trade between the United States and Mexico. The European Union (EU) did basically the same thing as NAFTA in Europe. EU produced many marketing advantages because it made it possible not to have to market items by one nation at a time. NAFTA and EU make marketing products in other countries easier.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nabisco took a big chance by marketing their cookies in Mexico. Nabisco succeeded in establishing their products even though Mexico was in a recession. The company realized that there was an open opportunity for their products. In Mexico there was not a cookie exactly like theirs. Oreo and Chips Ahoy are the best selling cookies in the United States so they thought that the products might do the same in Mexico. They did not have an expansive advertising campaign. Instead they relied on in-store promotions. On reason for their success is that they have a strong distribution and name recognition. Many people did not think that the product would sell, even though they have great presence. There are two main events that might have helped Nabisco. One event is that snack foods are cheaper, so instead of eating more expensive, healthy foods, people switched to a substitute. Another event is that the people who were buying the cookies are the wealthier individuals, which price would not effect them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is research that proved to Nabisco that they would be successful in Mexico. There are generalizations that have been discovered for many cultures, each culture respond to products and marketing differently. Hispanic culture as a whole are very name brand oriented, they especially American products. They are willing to pay a little extra for quality that goes along with a name of a product. This would make sense for the success of Nabisco. Their cookies are slightly more expensive then other cookies but they were still successful in the Mexican market. Nabisco also did not spend much on advertising, they relied on word of mouth to get their name around. The buying pattern of the Hispanic culture suggests that they listen

Promoting Unity

We have been an independent nation for more than 70 years. In the early years of the post independence era, the various races worked hard to develop the country. The progress that we see and enjoy today would not have been possible if not for the hard work of our forefathers. As the older generations would attest, race or religion was never an issue. Our country was, in fact, a fine example to the world on how racial and religious tolerance should be. However, of late, there have been some disturbing developments that threaten our unity in diversity. The time has come to find ways and means to strengthen relations between the various races and prepare ourselves to face the multiple challenges as our nations progresses. Racial unity should begin at home. Since parents are closest to their children, they should be at the forefront and sow the seeds of racial and religious tolerance among children. Parents should encourage their children to mix freely with their peers of other races and religions. This will allow children to understand the different traditions and cultures and be tolerant of those from other faiths and beliefs. Once parents are able to instill values of racial and religious tolerance among their children, it will take off naturally. Schools are the best places for students of different races to mingle freely without prejudice and suspicion. Students should learn about the different festivals their friends celebrate, their rites and rituals and their places of worship. It is only when they understand how others live will they also know how to treat them with respect and understanding. There are numerous activities in schools that provide opportunities for children to integrate such as sports and competitions. The various festivals celebrated by the different races are excellent opportunities to sow the seeds of unity. The concept of open houses is a unique feature that augments unity. The intermingling of the various races will contribute towards enhancing national unity. Despite more than 7 decades of independence, the country is still grappling with issues concerning race relationships. we must remember that these decades of nation-building can be erased if we allow racial tensions to build. Unity among the various races is vital for the progress of the nation as the saying goes, ‘Untied we stand, divided we fall

Frq Apush Farmers vs Industrialization Essay

The Gilded Age, a time of industrious growth and a surge of new immigrants. Americans had witnessed the death of rural life dominated by farmers and the birth of an urban and industrial America dominated by bankers, industrialists, and city dwellers. Overproduction led farmers into debt leaving them just an overflow of crops due to the repressed prices. Tariff Policies forced farmers to buy manufactured goods for survival. Farmers lost their status and power due to industrialization. Let’s just say farmers felt betrayed by their government and not letting them have voice. Overproduction was the most vexing problem during this time. The American farmer produced too much for their own good. As levels rise, the use of farm machinery increased it allowed the farmer to grow even more, new farming techniques, and the spread of railroads l made markets full of produce. As more and more crops were in the markets, it made the prices fall for the produce. Farmers were growing more and making less money. Of all the problems a farmer faced, overproduction was the gravest. Not making enough to recoup expenses because of depressed crop values, farmers attempted to compensate by producing more. This made the problem worse. The lack of income drove farmers into ever-deepening debt. Farmers fell victim to a tariff policy of the U.S. during the Gilded Age. It forced them to buy all the manufacture goods they needed for survival on a market protected by tariff legislation at high prices while selling what they produced on an unprotected market at reduced prices because of oversupply and foreign competitors. The government put a tax on the manufactured goods being imported into the U.S. by other manufactures. They hoped to make them more expensive than the American goods. For consumers would buy American goods. During this process it made American rapidly industrialized. Famers felt doubly discriminated against because they felt the tariffs were applied primarily to manufactured goods while their interests were left to fend for themselves. One of the hardest impacts due to industrialization for farmers was that they had to deal with the recognition that rural and agricultural America was given way to an urban and industrialized American. Dominated by the interests of big business, and government. Famers found the major political parties during the time unresponsive to their demands that government deal with their problems. Farmers no longer controlled the social, economic, or political systems. Which was a constant struggle for them to be heard, and did not feel appreciated. Farmers were impacted by industrialization in many ways causing many problems. Making a huge amount of them very unhappy during the Gilded Age.

Niccolo Machiavelli Essay

Niccolo Machiavelli was a political philosopher of the Renaissance. He lived from 1496-1527. Niccolo Machiavelli was also a very famous painter in his time. He painted many famous paintings that are seen in museums, books, and many other places. He was also involved in government throughout his life. Niccolo Machiavelli was a painter, political philosopher, Italian historian, an statesman for influenced many political leaders in Europe. Niccolo Machiavelli led a very political life. In 1494, Niccolo Machiavelli became an important diplomat. He spent most of his time over the years writing history, political philosophy, and plays. The Renaissance was a time of political conflict. Niccolo took part in diplomatic missions through France, Germany, and Italy. In later years, he was forced to retirement of the political business. Machiavelli was known as the â€Å"father of modern political theory†. Niccolo Machiavelli had many political writings. Many of Machiavelli’s writings reflected political issues. He wrote about the world around him and his life in the Renaissance. He witnessed many changes in the environment and wrote about them. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote one political treatise titled The Prince. The Prince was written during a time of tragedy in the Renaissance. Many things Machiavelli wrote about had to deal with politics and violence. The Prince was written in 1513. Although it was written then, it was published however until 1532 and Machiavelli’s death. The theme of this book is about preservation of authority and the establishment of it. Because of The Prince, Machiavelli is considered one of the greatest early modern analyzers of the political power. In 1498, Machiavelli served as a civil servant in Florence. Later in 1512, Machiavelli was imprisoned and the republic failed. Machiavelli had many jobs over his lifetime. He was the head of the second chancery in 1498. Niccolo was also the secretary of council and he studied political tactics. He also studied the strength of a nation with only one prince. In 1509, Machiavelli led a small army to free Pisa. Later in his life, for 5 years he worked as a historiographer. Niccolo Machiavelli had hard times in his life. He lost his place in politics and very much wanted it back. When he wrote The Prince, he wrote it to try and regain favoritism by Medici. In the end, Medici didn’t agree with what Machiavelli said in The Prince and ended up rejecting Machiavelli’s proposal to have that job back. Machiavelli also wrote a book titled â€Å"Discourses On Livy†. The book was on Machiavelli’s full political philosophy. Niccolo also wrote a biography on the Life of Castruccio Castracani. He wrote many plays and also many poems. His most famous poem was The Mandrake. The Mandrake was written in 1524. Machiavelli also wrote the History of Florence in 1525. The History of Florence tells about chronicles of the city. Machiavelli also wrote the Art of the War in 1521. That book describes mercenary troops and their lives. Niccolo Machiavelli was a very productive leader. Over all of his tragedies that happened in his life, he still overcame all of it. He worked very hard producing plays that have become very famous over the years. He wrote The Prince, which is a very well populated piece today. Not only did Machiavelli produce plays but he also wrote poems and biographies for people. Many of his quotes that he resighted in The Prince are still remembered today and used greatly. He was also a very significant political leader and went very far in government.

Business Ethics and dilemma Essay

1. Review the assigned readings from the text and article by Carroll (1991). 2. Prepare a 3- to 5-page paper titled, Corporate Social Responsibility. 3. Reflect upon your text readings from Chapters 1 and 9 with a focus on the following core concepts: Organizational Social Responsibility (Chapters 1 and 9) The Ethical Decision-making Process (Chapter 1) Corporate Reputation (Chapter 9) The Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid (Chapter 9) The Importance of Trust (Chapter 9) The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility (article by Carroll and Chapter 9) 4. Read The Merck and River Blindness Case at the end of Chapter 9 of your text. 5. Compose your paper in Microsoft Word. Include your name, the assignment name and number, the course and section number, and the date on your title page. Follow APA guidelines for formatting and citations.. NOTE: Your paper must meet the minimum requirements as outlined in the section of Weekly Written Assignments of the Assignment Guidelines and the grading criteria of this assignment. You are to provide a minimum of 2-3 references in your work. For this assignment, use of general google.com or Internet search references is not acceptable. Use the university library’s scholarly databases. 6. Respond to each of the following questions and statements: Stakeholders: Produce a list of all key stakeholders that you perceive to have a bona fide interest in the Merck company’s dilemma. Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid: Frame the Merck company’s ethical dilemma within the Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid. E.g. State briefly the key economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities. As a focal point, compare and contrast the economic implications against the ethical and philanthropic considerations. Organizational Values: State briefly and specifically whether the decision to a) proceed with the drug project or b) not to proceed with the drug development best fits with the company’s declared organizational values and its principles of profitability. Stakeholder Impact and Trust: If the drug development failed and cost hundreds of millions of dollars, would that harm to the company and its stakeholders be justifiable? If Merck decided not to pursue development of the new drug, what implications do you see this having for stakeholder relations such as the scientists who desire the development. E.g. Is this a trust and leadership consideration? Final Decision: If you were the CEO of Merck and the final decision on this risky new drug development was yours, what would you do and why? Justify your decision. Using Carroll’s theory, are you comfortable stating your opinion to the board of trustees, employees, and media? NOTE: Since this is an actual, real-life case, your focus should be on producing creative and new thinking that applies the ethical concepts to the material. Also, include an introduction and conclusion in your paper. You are encouraged to use the headings above in Action Item 7 in your paper for organizational purposes. 7. Submit your paper to Turnitin.com. NOTE: Turnitin.com is used by Franklin University to assist students in detecting plagiarism. Turnitin generates a report within minutes of submitting your paper. Your results will not be e-mailed to you; you must login to review your results. Submitting a paper ahead of an assignment deadline provides you with the opportunity to take action if you need to rewrite any part of the paper. Your professor will provide you with a class ID and password as an e-mail or a Class Communication object. Submission Instructions By Sunday, upload your paper using the Submit tool. Grading Criteria Content and focus: Response addressed the question(s) posed in a logical, cohesive manner: 0 – 35 points Analysis and critical thinking: Writing illustrates higher order critical thinking, analysis, synthesis, and/or evaluation: 0 – 35 points Writing style, grammar, sentence structure: Sentences are consistently clear, concise, well written; grammar and punctuation are correct: 0 – 15 points APA and research: Correct use of APA style in body of paper and appropriately references the text and/or other research sources: 0 – 15 points

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 11

Strategic Management - Essay Example These, along with many other factors combine to form a strategic plan for a business (Carroll 1993). This further is usually divided into three parts namely the corporate level, the business level and the operational level strategy. Where corporate level strategy is the overall goal or plan of the organization, the business level is a little narrow and focuses on how each will compete within a particular market and lastly the third one is how different units of the business will achieve the business level strategy. For example, a local caterer will have a corporate strategy which will be providing catering services for different occasions, whereas the business level strategy will be to provide special and custom edited services to the various clients and finally for this purpose the operational level strategy will include the training of workforce to provide high quality service and chef training to adjust food according to the client’s individual requirements (Barry 1998). After we have understood what exactly business strategy is, we can now move on to discuss what strategic management in meticulous does. In simple words, strategic management includes the decisions and plans related to the strategies working within an organization. It is a series of steps that form a never ending cycle. In simple words one thing follows the other and is an ongoing process. A strategy is very important because it makes sure that the organization is able to achieve its short term and long term goals and satisfy the various stakeholders. Therefore it is of utmost importance that these strategies are planned and regulated in the best possible way so as to have the result up to the desired mark (Stonehouse 2004). But before this cycle starts off it is very important that the goals of the company are clearly recognized and defined. Apart from the goal there is a mission

Essey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Essey - Essay Example Organisms in the soil contribute to the supply of fertilizer and the passages of air. Rains further nourish the plants with water and nitrogen. Organic farming has been gaining worldwide acceptance because of all these benefits. In contrast, chemicals gradually kill the soil organisms that add to their fertility and eventually render the land less productive, leading to lower yields and less food supply, and exposed to soil erosion whenever it rains. As of 2010, close to a billion people were reported as hungry, while many more live malnourished lives. There has been a growing demand for food supply which is propelled by a growing populations. Add to that scenario all the price increases in prime commodities, including vegetables, fruits, protein sources and we can easily understand what is meant by the urgency of finding effective and efficient ways of producing food supply. Chapter 1 of Worldwatch Institute report dwells on the statistics on malnutrition, rising prices, and the need for changes in food supply production and distribution. Another factor to consider is global warming. More powerful typhoons, hurricanes, and tornadoes brought about great destruction of properties in various parts of the world, while the Arctic and Antarctic Zones have been melting, and the effect was predicted to be a rise in the water level and floods. Many people have drowned as a result of unusual floods. Chapter 2 of Worldwatch Institute†™s book dealt with effects of climate change as a major reason for the implementation of ecoagriculture. warming while aiming to solve problems like hunger, poverty, malnutrition, and the growing demand for food worldwide. As community leader, a person can call on local farmers to provide them with an awareness of the need to change farming practices and the benefits of ecoagriculture. One of the recommendations of Worldwatch Institute (2011) is to plant â€Å"nitrogen fixing-fixing trees that enrich the soil for the

Open Communications Network With PLCs Assignment

Open Communications Network With PLCs - Assignment Example These levels of communication are either open or closed. Open communication technologies using programmable logic controllers are in some instances considered to be less secure since they are prone to interference by unauthorized individuals. However, they are proffered by several companies due to their low costs (Beach, 2008). There are several devices that enable data transmission using Programmable Logic Controllers. These encompass several gateways that are hosted in different operating system development environment. Open network communication getaways use the open Linux development environment together with certified hardware to ensure secure and efficient data transmission. Using these getaways, several interfaces are employed. These include universal serials Buses (USB’s), Serial ports, secure digits cards (SD cards) and Ethernet. Also, internal peripherals such as Global position System (GPS) receivers, and cellular modems maybe used. Programmable Logic Controllers networks are equipped with several options that are designed to meet specific communication and control requirements. Some of the typical options provided include peer-to-peer communications, host computer communications among others. The vendors of this PLC devices produce unique devices with unique networking capabilities (Irwin,

RIBA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

RIBA - Essay Example The RIBA plan of work is prepared by the Royal Institute of British Architects in conjunction with other stakeholders to provide a regulatory framework for practitioners in the building and construction industry (Cross, 2013). The RIBA plan of work is widely used in the UK as the official guideline and directive indicating the best practices in the industry (Farrelly, 2014). The plan of work has been extremely efficient such that it has been benchmarked by numerous countries worldwide, modeling their building and construction industry regulatory framework on RIBA’s. RIBA has continued to update its plan of work since 1963 as times and circumstances change (Hopkirk, 2014). The latest plan of work was prepared in 2013 and represented a paradigm shift from the previous one prepared in 2007. The stages of work have essentially remained the same only that they have been categorised and labeled differently (Architecture.com, 2014). Instead of the eleven stages that were explicated b y the tasks to be conducted, the new plan of work has eight stages and eight task bars under each stage indicating the tasks to be conducted.

Research PaperCultural Intersections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research PaperCultural Intersections - Essay Example Since the process if bettering oneself is just that - a choice, when the black sub group chooses to pursue another cultural path within the American culture, white America often shows little tolerance or understanding. For black America, the melting pot and land of opportunity images have never been allowed to become the cultural icons with which white American's co closely identify. The black experience of American culture did not begin with voluntary immigration in the pursuit of a better life. Black American's were forcibly taken from their homes and brought to America as slaves. Black American's, while no longer living as slaves, and living in a free country, still struggle to establish a distinctly American and successful identity. Their path was forced, not voluntary. Their emigration was from freedom to bondage, while white Americans, to a great extent, left religious and social bondage to establish freedom. From these two different paradigms, two different American cultures have emerged. At the seam where these cultures meet, friction and misunderstanding are the norm. As a result, a homogeneous America currently does not exist for either group, and both sub-cultures tend to carry a chip o n their shoulder, blaming the other as the source of the discord. For both of these cultures, the idea of choice should be taken into consideration so that the individuals can begin to move past their individual ideas of how America 'should' look. White Americans and black Americans each have made choices on how to perceive their country and culture. Each has come to an individual understanding based on their choices and personal experiences. Unfortunately, at the intersection of these two paradigms, the individuals often try to justify their perceptions as something bigger than choice. White America lifts up their own experience as 'how and what America is.' America is the melting pot, the land of opportunity, and any individual or people group that does not perceive it similarly is understood as attacking America. Black America similarly can understand the country as an oppressive culture, bent on taking from them their individuality and uniqueness as it tries to squeeze them into the white cultural mold. Working under this perception, black Ame ricans can easily turn aggressively hostile to the white paradigm, which leads to conflict, and disunity. Reike and Sillars, in their work on critical decision making (1993) address this phenomenon by accurately identifying it as the product of choice. They say that our individual belief systems are made up of two components, beliefs and values. Individuals settle on core values as both an individual and as a larger group. Often these values within a culture are similar, even though they are worked out in different ways. Americans as a group tend to hold the value of independence as a universal value. Individuality is also a shared cultural value. According to Reike and Sillars, built around these core values are individual belief systems which shape and affect our understandings of our values. Belief systems are most often learned behaviors. Belief systems are based on what is important to us, our values, but they also reflect our personal experiences, and our belief systems also shape our actions. We will rarely make decisions or choose a course of action which is in violation to our belief system, even if the belief system inaccurately reflects

Reasons for the Decline in Union Membership and Density in the 21st Research Paper

Reasons for the Decline in Union Membership and Density in the 21st Century - Research Paper Example Over the past decade, unions have used their political clout to advocate legislation and establish regulatory agencies that supersede entirely or greatly circumscribe the scope of collective bargaining on many issues of significance to employees. When deciding whether or not to form or join a union, workers balance the costs of doing so, such as union dues, against the expected benefits, such as better working conditions and pensions. While the costs of joining unions are seemingly unaffected by most labor legislation, the potential benefits of doing so decline. Because they are already buying labor protection and mandated fringe benefits with tax dollars, workers have less incentive to join unions. The political success of unions in the past has surely played some role in undermining their future prospects, as in the case of VBY union. It is no secret that labour unions have been declining in membership and influence for many years. The number of unionized workers in Europe was only 16.7 million in 1990, which is approximately 16 per cent of the workforce. This is less than one-half the per cent unionized in the mid-1950s. Some managers view the decline of unions with glee. To them unions are non-productive, combative adversaries interfering with the harmonious and efficient operation of the company. Some of them have adopted the idea that this is pay-back time for the punishment management suffered in the sixties and early seventies when rising wages, automatic cost of living adjustments, ever-increasing benefits, strikes, and Byzantine work rule arrangements seemingly were the rule.  

Breaching Experiment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Breaching Experiment - Research Paper Example For this experiment, in which the student will assume the personality of a FaceBook creeper, the reaction to being a creeper is the most important point. If the social breach succeeds and social norms are compromised, how people react is evidence of mechanisms through which they attempt to combat the breach or make sense of the abnormal behavior (Garfinkel, 2011). Whereas it is expected that lighthearted breaches in the FaceBook creeper experiment will induce curiosity, confusion, and laughter, breaches of a more serious nature are expected to cause anger and anxiety. It was also expected that the experiment would show how uncomfortable people are about unexpected notification or information. The Facebook picture creeper experiment was chosen for this study, in which I had to go through the photo album of an acquaintance on Facebook and comment on about fifteen to twenty photos. These photos were supposed to be more than six months old and the comments were to be posted over a period of three days. In addition, the experiment required that only positive comments were written on the posts, such as â€Å"cute photo† and other positive comments. After posting, I was to check back to identify whether anyone else had commented on photo as a result of my posts and a description of the responses was to be made, as well as a description of how I felt about making these posts. For the experiment, I picked one of my friends from high school, whom I had not seen or talked to for some time and was not a friend on Facebook. I searched for her name on Facebook and identified her photo, after which I made a friend request that was accepted. Immediately after we became friends on the site, I commented on twenty of her photographs from her photo album and, as required by the experiment, I ensured that all my comments on the photos were positive. In the beginning, I commented on only a few photographs

The Basseri of Iran culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Basseri of Iran culture - Research Paper Example The kinship factors include the patrilineal, the marriage and the divorce aspects of the Nomadic tribe of Basseri and the way it is different to the cultural values to the rest of the country. The social organizational factors is a combination of a number of factors that include the rite of passage in the nomadic society, the headmen that lead the tribe and the Khan who is usually a wealthy person having a number of followers of his own that makes him strong enough to head the society. Economic Organization Nomadism The Basseri Nomads of Iran are the tent-dwelling pastoralists who are under a chief and politically centralized. It is officially stated that the Basseri are Shitte Moslems but such a religious affiliation does not exist to a very big extent among these people. These people seem to be very uninterested in religion generally. The ritual activities of these people are very few as they offer no communal prayer and are more likely to ignore the Islamic feast days. Even the ho ly month of Ramadan seems to be a very unlikely proposition for most of the people. It is concluded that because of the migration that these people had to do early in their history, there was progressively built tension and excitement and most people were confused whether the economic activity was a religious one or not. These tribes responded more to the movement that was in a more dramatic form rather than considering the utilitarian aspects of the whole movement. There was highly complex essence of tribal organization in Iran that was centralized Uymaq system. The Uymaqs were not only the pastoral nomads but were a combination of three economic forms, the pastoral, the commercial and the agricultural. Importance of Livestock The individual households of the Basseri of Iran hold usually herd their animals together in one or even more than one flock of 400 to 600 animals. This figure limits the number of households that are grouped together. The members of the camp are usually are widely drawn from both consanguineal and affinal groups. Some of the members are not even the immediate groups of these people in the society. The shepherds are usually hired by the members of the camp for the service contracts of one year so that they can care for a single flock of 400 to 600 goats and sheep. For every ten lambs that are born in the spring, they receive one lamb for their work all the year. Even if they quit a bit earlier, there is no pro-rated agreement as the lambs have not been born yet. All of the households owns and milks its own animals separately even though they are gazed together. Also, different households pay, give food and other materials needed by the shepherds in their contribution depending on the number of animals that they own with the addition of the two assistants that the shepherd usually has. Environmental Adaptation The major concentrations of the population of the vertical nomads in Iran occur during the summer. The camps are usually composed of as many as fifty tents during that period of the year. However, during the winter migrations, the camps are composed of as many as twelve tents and as few as one tent. The camps are usually separated by an hour long walk from the neighboring camps and also the pasture areas. However, the visiting between people from one camp to the other and staying connected with each other is a regular activity of the nomads in Iran.